Charged Particle Beams

LORENTZ will also calculate the emission characteristics and space charge effects of a large number of charged particles forming a beam. Effects computed include:

• The nature of the emission source: Child’s Law, Schottky Emissions, Fowler-Nordheim Emission, etc.
• The effect of the beam charge on the electric solution.
• The electric repulsion between like charged particle rays and attraction between opposite charged rays.
• The magnetic effects caused by current in the beam, including self-magnetic effort of the beam on itself.

Some examples:

• Electron guns
• Ion guns
• Ion implanters
• Nanotube field emitters
• Sputtering sources
• X-ray
• Ion propulsion